Temperature variation intensively affects parameters of the friction force, particularly the average bristle deflections. In our earlier research work, a temperature dependent friction compensation scheme was developed for serial rigid robot manipulators which was comprised of a temperature dependent viscous friction compensation scheme and a temperature dependent disturbance rejection scheme. ...

The association between sternopleural and abdominal bristle number and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster was determined for sublines of an initially highly inbred strain that were maintained by divergent artificial selection for 150 generations or by random mating for 180 generations. Replicate selection lines had more extreme bristle numbers than those that were maintained without artificial ...

Consider a packet walking along a directed graph with each node having two edges directed out. The packet is headed towards one of N destinations, chosen according to a probability distribution p . At each step, the packet is forced to use a nonpreferred edge with some probability q, independently of past events. Using information theory and sequential analysis, it is shown that the mean number...

Factors responsible for selection response for abdominal bristle number and correlated responses in sternopleural bristle number were mapped to the X and third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Lines divergent for high and low abdominal bristle number were created by 25 generations of artificial selection from a large base population, with an intensity of 25 individuals of each sex selecte...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brushing with a Colgate 360º or Oral B Indicator 35 toothbrush on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to extracted human teeth. The bristle wear and bristle tip morphology were also examined after simulated tooth-brushing. Orthodontic brackets (Roth-P/1st and 2nd premolar S/D- Slot 0.18") were bonded (Transbond XT) to the sm...

The actin bundles in Drosophila bristles run the length of the bristle cell and are accordingly 65 microns (microchaetes) or 400 microns (macrochaetes) in length, depending on the bristle type. Shortly after completion of bristle elongation in pupae, the actin bundles break down as the bristle surface becomes chitinized. The bundles break down in a bizarre way; it is as if each bundle is sawed ...

The safety of a multi-span waler beam subjected simultaneously to a distributed load and deflections at its supports can be secured by limiting the maximum stress of the beam to a specific value to prevent the beam from reaching a limit state for failure or collapse. Despite the fact that the vast majority of accidents on construction sites occur at waler beams in retaining wall systems, no saf...

Fruit fly bristles have us tearing out our few remaining hairs. The puzzle is, in forming long bristles, how and why do flies assemble long actin bundles by gluing shorter bundles end-to-end? Fruit fly bristles extend posteriorly in a gentle curve over the fly's back like the hair on a well-groomed individual from the 60's. These bristles, which are cellular extensions of 70 ␮ m in the microcha...

Developing bristles in Drosophila pupae contain 7-11 bundles of crosslinked actin filaments and a large population of microtubules. During bristle growth the rate of cell elongation increases with bristle length. Thin section EM shows that bundle size is correlated with the amount of cytoplasm at all points along the bristle. Thus, as the bristle elongates and tapers, fewer actin filaments are ...